What is the electrophilic reagent in nitration? How is it formed?
(N/A) The electrophilic reagent in the nitration of benzene is the nitronium ion,denoted as $NO_2^+$.
It is formed by the reaction between concentrated nitric acid $(HNO_3)$ and concentrated sulfuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$.
The reaction mechanism is as follows:
$HNO_3 + H_2SO_4 \rightleftharpoons H_2NO_3^+ + HSO_4^-$
$H_2NO_3^+ \rightarrow NO_2^+ + H_2O$
Overall reaction:
$HNO_3 + 2H_2SO_4 \rightarrow NO_2^+ + H_3O^+ + 2HSO_4^-$
It is formed by the reaction between concentrated nitric acid $(HNO_3)$ and concentrated sulfuric acid $(H_2SO_4)$.
The reaction mechanism is as follows:
$HNO_3 + H_2SO_4 \rightleftharpoons H_2NO_3^+ + HSO_4^-$
$H_2NO_3^+ \rightarrow NO_2^+ + H_2O$
Overall reaction:
$HNO_3 + 2H_2SO_4 \rightarrow NO_2^+ + H_3O^+ + 2HSO_4^-$
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Similar Questions
Identify the reagents shown in bold in the following equations as nucleophiles or electrophiles:
$(a) \ CH_{3}COOH + \mathbf{HO^{-}} \to CH_{3}COO^{-} + H_{2}O$
$(b) \ CH_{3}COCH_{3} + \mathbf{CN^{-}} \to (CH_{3})_{2}C(CN)OH$
$(c) \ C_{6}H_{6} + \mathbf{CH_{3}C^{+}=O} \to C_{6}H_{5}COCH_{3} + H^{+}$
$(a) \ CH_{3}COOH + \mathbf{HO^{-}} \to CH_{3}COO^{-} + H_{2}O$
$(b) \ CH_{3}COCH_{3} + \mathbf{CN^{-}} \to (CH_{3})_{2}C(CN)OH$
$(c) \ C_{6}H_{6} + \mathbf{CH_{3}C^{+}=O} \to C_{6}H_{5}COCH_{3} + H^{+}$
Medium
View SolutionWhich of the following is a nucleophile?
Which of the following has the highest nucleophilicity?
What is the correct order of nucleophilicity for the given species?
Medium
View SolutionWhich of the following is an electrophile?
Easy
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